The Two Arbitrators in the case of Discord
1
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ الْعَبْدَ الصَّالِحَ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقاقَ بَيْنِهِما فَابْعَثُوا حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِها فَقَالَ يَشْتَرِطُ الْحَكَمَانِ إِنْ شَاءَا فَرَّقَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَا جَمَعَا فَفَرَّقَا أَوْ جَمَعَا جَازَ .
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has said the following: “I once asked the virtuous servant of Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘If you are afraid of discord between them then send one arbitrator from his people and another from her people.’ (4:35) He (the Imam) then said, ‘The two arbitrators stipulate upon them that their decision to separate or bring them together must be treated binding and on that basis if they separate or bring them together it is permissible.’”
2
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَابْعَثُوا حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِها قَالَ لَيْسَ لِلْحَكَمَيْنِ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَا حَتَّى يَسْتَأْمِرَا الرَّجُلَ وَ الْمَرْأَةَ وَ يَشْتَرِطَا عَلَيْهِمَا إِنْ شِئْنَا جَمَعْنَا وَ إِنْ شِئْنَا فَرَّقْنَا فَإِنْ جَمَعَا فَجَائِزٌ فَإِنْ فَرَّقَا فَجَائِزٌ .
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘If you are afraid of discord between them then send one arbitrators from his people and another from her people.’ (4:35) He (the Imam) said, ‘The arbitrator cannot separate or unite them without first getting approval from the man and woman and a stipulation that their decision of separating or uniting them must be treated binding. Thus, if they decided for separation or unification it is permissible.’”
3
حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَابْعَثُوا حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِها قَالَ الْحَكَمَانِ يَشْتَرِطَانِ إِنْ شَاءَا فَرَّقَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَا جَمَعَا فَإِنْ جَمَعَا فَجَائِزٌ وَ إِنْ فَرَّقَا فَجَائِزٌ
3. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn Sama‘ah from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jabalah from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘If you are afraid of discord between them then send one arbitrators from his people and another from her people.’ (4:35) He (the Imam) said, ‘The two arbitrators stipulate upon them that their decision to separate or to bring them together must be treated binding and on that basis if they separate or bring them together it is permissible.’”
4
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَابْعَثُوا حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِها أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَأْذَنَ الْحَكَمَانِ فَقَالَا لِلرَّجُلِ وَ الْمَرْأَةِ أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ جَعَلْتُمَا أَمْرَكُمَا إِلَيْنَا فِي الْإِصْلَاحِ وَ التَّفْرِيقِ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ نَعَمْ فَأَشْهَدَا بِذَلِكَ شُهُوداً عَلَيْهِمَا أَ يَجُوزُ تَفْرِيقُهُمَا عَلَيْهِمَا قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ لَكِنْ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا عَلَى طُهْرٍ مِنَ الْمَرْأَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ جِمَاعٍ مِنَ الزَّوْجِقِيلَ لَهُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ قَالَ أَحَدُ الْحَكَمَيْنِ قَدْ فَرَّقْتُ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ قَالَ الْآخَرُ لَمْ أُفَرِّقْ بَيْنَهُمَا فَقَالَ لَا يَكُونُ تَفْرِيقٌ حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَا جَمِيعاً عَلَى التَّفْرِيقِ فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَا عَلَى التَّفْرِيقِ جَازَ تَفْرِيقُهُمَا .
4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from abu Ayyub from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . an arbitrator from his people and an arbitrator from her people’ who then by the permission of both parties and with their stipulation that their decision must be accepted as binding. They then agree in the presence of witnesses; if the decision of the arbitrators to separate them is permissible. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is permissible, however, it must take place in a Hayd (menses)-free period and without sexual intercourse by the husband.’ It then was asked, ‘What happens if one of the arbitrators decides to separate them and the other disagrees?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It cannot take place unless they both agree for separation. If they both agreed then separation is permissible.’”
5
وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ وَ غَيْرِهِ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ( عليهما السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَابْعَثُوا حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِها قَالَ لَيْسَ لِلْحَكَمَيْنِ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَا حَتَّى يَسْتَأْمِرَا .
5. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jabalah and others from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about, ‘If you are afraid of discord between them then send one arbitrator from his people and another from her people.’ (4:35) He (the Imam) said, ‘They cannot decide to separate them without previous authorization of their decision by the parties (the wife and husband).’