Giving Children in Marriage and Arranging Marriage for Them
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1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُزَوِّجُ ابْنَهُ وَهُوَ صَغِيرٌ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ قُلْتُ يَجُوزُ طَلاقُ الأبِ قَالَ لا قُلْتُ عَلَى مَنِ الصَّدَاقُ قَالَ عَلَى الأبِ إِنْ كَانَ ضَمِنَهُ لَهُمْ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ضَمِنَهُ فَهُوَ عَلَى الْغُلامِ إِلا أَنْ لا يَكُونَ لِلْغُلامِ مَالٌ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ لَهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ضَمِنَ وَقَالَ إِذَا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَهُ فَذَلِكَ إِلَى أَبِيهِ وَإِذَا زَوَّجَ الابْنَةَ جَازَ.
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Hakam from Aban ‘Uthman fro al-Fadl ibn ‘Abd al-Malik who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who arranges marriage for his son who is small. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I asked if divorce is permissible. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible.’ I asked, ‘Who must pay mahr (dower)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The father must pay mahr (dower) if he has taken responsibility for it; but if he has not taken the responsibility on himself then the boy must pay unless the boy has no assets, then still he is responsible even if he has not taken the responsibility.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If a man arranges marriage for his son it is up to him but if he gives his daughter in marriage it is binding.’”
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2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُزَوِّجُ ابْنَهُ وَهُوَ صَغِيرٌ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لابْنِهِ مَالٌ فَعَلَيْهِ الْمَهْرُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلابْنِ مَالٌ فَالأبُ ضَامِنُ الْمَهْرِ ضَمِنَ أَوْ لَمْ يَضْمَنْ.
2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Faddal from ‘Abd Allah ibn Bukayr from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who arranges marriage for his son who is small. He (the Imam) said, ‘If his son has any assets mahr (dower) is on him but if the son does not have any asset then the father is responsible for mahr (dower) whether he accepts such responsibility or not.’”
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3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ الْعَلاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ فَزَوَّجَ مِنْهُمُ اثْنَيْنِ وَفَرَضَ الصَّدَاقَ ثُمَّ مَاتَ مِنْ أَيْنَ يُحْسَبُ الصَّدَاقُ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ الْمَالِ أَوْ مِنْ حِصَّتِهِمَا قَالَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدَّيْنِ.
3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-‘Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a man who had sons and he arranged marriage for two of them and assigned mahr (dower) then he died; who was to pay mahr (dower); was it to be from all of the legacy or from the share of the two sons. He (the Imam) said in such case, ‘It is from the whole of the legacy because it is like debts.’”
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4- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ الْحَذَّاءِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ غُلامٍ وَجَارِيَةٍ زَوَّجَهُمَا وَلِيَّانِ لَهُمَا وَهُمَا غَيْرُ مُدْرِكَيْنِ فَقَالَ النِّكَاحُ جَائِزٌ وَأَيُّهُمَا أَدْرَكَ كَانَ لَهُ الْخِيَارُ وَإِنْ مَاتَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْرِكَا فَلا مِيرَاثَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَلا مَهْرَ إِلا أَنْ يَكُونَا قَدْ أَدْرَكَا وَرَضِيَا قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَدْرَكَ أَحَدُهُمَا قَبْلَ الآخَرِ قَالَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ هُوَ رَضِيَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي أَدْرَكَ قَبْلَ الْجَارِيَةِ وَرَضِيَ بِالنِّكَاحِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُدْرِكَ الْجَارِيَةُ أَتَرِثُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ يُعْزَلُ مِيرَاثُهَا مِنْهُ حَتَّى تُدْرِكَ فَتَحْلِفَ بِاللهِ مَا دَعَاهَا إِلَى أَخْذِ الْمِيرَاثِ إِلا رِضَاهَا بِالتَّزْوِيجِ ثُمَّ يُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهَا الْمِيرَاثُ وَنِصْفُ الْمَهْرِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ مَاتَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَدْرَكَتْ أَيَرِثُهَا الزَّوْجُ الْمُدْرِكُ قَالَ لا لأنَّ لَهَا الْخِيَارَ إِذَا أَدْرَكَتْ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ أَبُوهَا هُوَ الَّذِي زَوَّجَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تُدْرِكَ قَالَ يَجُوزُ عَلَيْهَا تَزْوِيجُ الأبِ وَيَجُوزُ عَلَى الْغُلامِ وَالْمَهْرُ عَلَى الأبِ لِلْجَارِيَةِ.
4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from all from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from abu ‘Ubaydah al-Hadhdha’ who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a boy and a girl for whom marriage is arranged by their guardians and they are not mature yet. He (the Imam) said, ‘Marriage is binding and whichever becomes mature has a choice but if they die before maturity there will be no inheritance between them and no mahr (dower) unless they become mature and agree with the marriage.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if one of them becomes mature before the other?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It becomes binding on him if he agrees.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he becomes mature before the girl and agrees with the marriage, then he dies before the girl becomes mature; if she can inherit him.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, her share of inheritance is kept aside until she becomes mature, then she is made to take an oath that nothing has made her to claim the inheritance except her agreement with the marriage, then it is given to her as well as one-half of the mahr (dower).’ I then asked, ‘What happens if the girl dies before becoming mature and if the husband who has become mature can inherit her.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, because she had the choice upon her becoming mature.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if her father is the one who gives her in marriage before her becoming mature?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Marriage which is arranged for her by her father becomes binding on her and on the boy and mahr (dower) is on the father in favor of the girl.”’