2. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from Mansur ibn Hazim from abu Basir and others who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Wheat and barley are equal to each other; neither one of the two can be exchanged in excess of the other.’”

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘It is not permissible to sell two Makhtum (a container) of barley for one Makhtum of wheat. These items cannot be exchanged except in equal quantities of each other and so also is the date.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, was asked about the case of a man who buys wheat but cannot find with his party anything except barley, if he can take two for one. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, because the origin of the two is the same and Ali, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, would count barley for wheat.’”

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about wheat and barley. He (the Imam) said, ‘If they are of equal measures it is not harmful.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘I asked him (the Imam) about flour and wheat. He (the Imam) said, ‘If they are of equal measures it is not harmful.’”

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and a number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Aban from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn abu ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, if it is permissible to exchange one Qafiz (a certain unit of measurement) of wheat for two Qafiz of barley. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible unless they are of equal quantities.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Barley is from wheat.’”

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “About the case of a man who asks another man to sell the fruits of his certain palm tree for two Qafiz (a certain unit of measurement) of dates or less or more that he names as he likes, abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘It is not harmful.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Fresh dates and half-ripe dates from one palm tree can be exchanged and it is not harmful but mixing of old dates and half-ripe dates is not valid and so also is the case of raisin and grape.’”

7. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Sayf al-Tammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu Basir to ask abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who exchanges two baskets of fresh half-ripe dates for one basket of Mushaqaq (stone-free) dates. Abu Basir asked him (the Imam) and he (the Imam) said, ‘It is Makruh (detestable).’ Abu Basir then asked, ‘Why it is Makruh (detestable)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Ali ibn abu Talib, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, disliked to exchange one wasaq of dates of al-Madinah for two wasaq (a certain unit of measurement) of dates of Khaybar because dates of al-Madinah are of inferior quality and Ali, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, would not dislike lawful things.’”

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying that ’Amir al-Mu’minin disliked exchanging of one wasaq (a certain unit of measurement) of dates of Khaybar with two wasaq of dates of al- Madinah because dates of Khaybar are of superior quality.’”

9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about his opinion on wheat and the sawiq (mush made of wheat or barley). He (the Imam) said, ‘Their exchange in equal measures is not harmful.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if one has a certain yield or preference over the other?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Does it not have expenses and maintenance?’ I replied, ‘Yes, it has such overheads.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘This is for that.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If they are two different things then exchange of one for two at the same time is permissible.’”

10. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Jamil from Muhammad ibn Muslim and Zurarah who have said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘It is permissible to exchange wheat with flour in equal measures and sawiq (mush) of wheat with mush and barley with wheat in equal measures, is not harmful.’”

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who gives foodstuff to a flour man under a contract that requires him to return for every ten Artal (plural of ritl, a certain unit of measurement) twelve Artal of flour. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible.’ I then asked about sesame given under a contract to an oil man who guarantees for every Sa‘ a certain Ritl (a certain unit of measurement). He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible.’”

12. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Exchanging dry dates with fresh ones is not valid; dry dates are dry and fresh are not dry. When it dries it shrinks. Exchanging barley with wheat is also not valid unless it is in equal measures.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Measuring is one and the same. It is detestable to exchange one Qafiz (a certain unit of measurement) of almond for two or one Qafiz of dates for two Qafiz of dates. However, it is valid to exchange one Sa‘ of wheat with two Sa‘ of dates and one Sa‘ of dates with two Sa‘ of raisins when they are different and in the form of dry fruits. It applies to foodstuff and fruits in the same manner.’ Or that he (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful if goods are exchanged as long as they are not exchanged in measurements and weighing.’”

13. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from Khalid ibn Jarir from abu al-Rabi‘ al-Shamiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, disliked exchange of one Qafiz of almond with two Qafiz of almond and one Qafiz of dates with two Qafiz of dates.’”

14. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who makes an advance payment for oil to receive ghee. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not valid.’”

15. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘It is not valid for a man to make advance payment in the form of ghee to receive oil and vice versa.’”

16. Ibn Mahbub has narrated from abu Ayyub from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “Once abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, was asked about the exchange of grape with raisins and he (the Imam) replied, ‘It is not permissible unless it is in equal measures.’ I asked about exchange of dates and raisins. He (the Imam) said, ‘It must be in equal measures.’”

17. In another Hadith through the same chain of narrators as that of the previous Hadith it is narrated thatexchange of two different kinds of goods at the same time is not harmful.’”