Using Labors of Al-‘Aluj (infidel) for Free
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1- حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْفَضْلِ الْهَاشِمِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ السُّخْرَةِ فِي الْقُرَى وَمَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ الْعُلُوجِ وَالأكَرَةِ فِي الْقُرَى فَقَالَ اشْتَرِطْ عَلَيْهِمْ فَمَا اشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الدَّرَاهِمِ وَالسُّخْرَةِ وَمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ لَكَ وَلَيْسَ لَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً حَتَّى تُشَارِطَهُمْ وَإِنْ كَانَ كَالْمُسْتَيْقِنِ إِنَّ كُلَّ مَنْ نَزَلَ تِلْكَ الْقَرْيَةَ أُخِذَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَنَى فِي حَقٍّ لَهُ إِلَى جَنْبِ جَارٍ لَهُ بُيُوتاً أَوْ دَاراً فَتَحَوَّلَ أَهْلُ دَارِ جَارٍ لَهُ أَلَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُمْ وَهُمْ كَارِهُونَ فَقَالَ هُمْ أَحْرَارٌ يَنْزِلُونَ حَيْثُ شَاءُوا وَيَتَحَوَّلُونَ حَيْثُ شَاءُوا.
1. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from more than one person from Aban Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Yahya from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Aban from ‘Isma’il al-Fadl al-Hashimiy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about free labor in villages and what is taken of al-‘Aluj (infidels) and laborers on hire. He (the Imam) said, ‘Stipulate with them. Whatever you have stipulated with them like dirhams, their free labor and other things, then it is for you; but you cannot take from them anything without stipulating, even if you are almost certain (of its lawfulness) that whoever comes to that village that much is taken from him.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about a man who built on his land next to his neighbor, houses or a house, then the people of the house became his neighbors; if he could remove them despite their dislike. He (the Imam) said, ‘They are free to disembark wherever they like and move wherever they like.’”
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2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ الأزْرَقِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ وَصَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) عَلِيّاً (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَقَالَ يَا عَلِيُّ لا يُظْلَمُ الْفَلاحُونَ بِحَضْرَتِكَ وَلا يَزْدَادُ عَلَى أَرْضٍ وَضَعْتَ عَلَيْهَا وَلا سُخْرَةَ عَلَى مُسْلِمٍ يَعْنِي الأجِيرَ.
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Jamil ibn Darraj from Ali al-Azraq who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, said, when he was about to leave this world to Ali, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, “O Ali, you must not allow that farmers be oppressed before you; and you must not allow taxes on land to increase and you must not allow free labor on a Muslim” (meaning free labor when he is hired).”’
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3- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَكْتُبُ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ لا تُسَخِّرُوا الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَمَنْ سَأَلَكُمْ غَيْرَ الْفَرِيضَةِ فَقَدِ اعْتَدَى فَلا تُعْطُوهُ وَكَانَ يَكْتُبُ يُوصِي بِالْفَلاحِينَ خَيْراً وَهُمُ الأكَّارُونَ.
3. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from ibn Muskan from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin, would write to his agents, ‘You must not make Muslims to perform free labor. Whoever of you asks for what is not obligatory, he has committed transgression and you must not give him anything.’ He (‘Amir al-Mu’minin) would write and recommend about farmers good advice, about them and laborers on hire.’”
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4- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ النُّزُولُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْخَرَاجِ ثَلاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ.
4. A number of our people have narrated from and Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn Mahbub from ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The duration of stay to demand al-Kharaj (taxes) from people of al-Kharaj is three days.’”
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5- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ يُنْزَلُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْخَرَاجِ ثَلاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ.
5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘He (the tax collector agent) stays to demand al-Kharaj from the people of al-Kharaj for three days.’”