Chapter 9(b)
5 hadiths
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1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ كَانَ أَبِي (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ إِنَّ لِلْحَرْبِ حُكْمَيْنِ إِذَا كَانَتِ الْحَرْبُ قَائِمَةً لَمْ تَضَعْ أَوْزَارَهَا وَلَمْ يُثْخَنْ أَهْلُهَا فَكُلُّ أَسِيرٍ أُخِذَ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالِ فَإِنَّ الإمَامَ فِيهِ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ ضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ وَإِنْ شَاءَ قَطَعَ يَدَهُ وَرِجْلَهُ مِنْ خِلافٍ بِغَيْرِ حَسْمٍ وَتَرَكَهُ يَتَشَحَّطُ فِي دَمِهِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِنَّما جَزاءُ الَّذِينَ يُحارِبُونَ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِي الأرْضِ فَساداً أَنْ يُقَتَّلُوا أَوْ يُصَلَّبُوا أَوْ تُقَطَّعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ مِنْ خِلافٍ أَوْ يُنْفَوْا مِنَ الأرْضِ ذلِكَ لَهُمْ خِزْيٌ فِي الدُّنْيا وَلَهُمْ فِي الآخِرَةِ عَذابٌ عَظِيمٌ أَلا تَرَى أَنَّ الْمُخَيَّرَ الَّذِي خَيَّرَ اللهُ الإمَامَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَاحِدٍ وَهُوَ الْكُفْرُ وَلَيْسَ هُوَ عَلَى أَشْيَاءَ مُخْتَلِفَةٍ فَقُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَوْلُ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَوْ يُنْفَوْا مِنَ الأرْضِ قَالَ ذَلِكَ الطَّلَبُ أَنْ تَطْلُبَهُ الْخَيْلُ حَتَّى يَهْرُبَ فَإِنْ أَخَذَتْهُ الْخَيْلُ حُكِمَ عَلَيْهِ بِبَعْضِ الأحْكَامِ الَّتِي وَصَفْتُ لَكَ وَالْحُكْمُ الآخَرُ إِذَا وَضَعَتِ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا وَأُثْخِنَ أَهْلُهَا فَكُلُّ أَسِيرٍ أُخِذَ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالِ فَكَانَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ فَالإمَامُ فِيهِ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ مَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَرْسَلَهُمْ وَإِنْ شَاءَ فَادَاهُمْ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَإِنْ شَاءَ اسْتَعْبَدَهُمْ فَصَارُوا عَبِيداً.
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Talhah ibn Zayd who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ’My father would say, “There are two laws about war: (1) During an ongoing war when the enemy is not defeated about the prisoners of war the Imam has the choice to execute, cut off their hands and legs, one of each of the opposite side, without (doing something to) stopping blood flow so that the victim dies by bleeding. This is stated in words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious: ‘The only proper punishment for those who fight against Allah and His Messenger and try to spread evil in the land is to be killed, crucified, or either to have one of their hands and feet cutoff from the opposite sides or to be sent into exile. These are to disgrace them in this life and they will suffer a great torment in the life hereafter.’ (5:33) “Of the choices that Allah has given to the Imam is one and that is execution. There are no different choices.’” “I then asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, ‘. . . or that they are exiled. . . .’ He (the Imam) said it is up to the search and pursuit of the troops until he flees. If the troops capture him certain of the rules that I just describe will be executed in his case. “The other law about war (2) is when it is over and the enemy is defeated. About every prisoner of war that is captured, the Imam has the choice to set them free as favor to them or they pay ransom to set themselves free. The Imam may also decide to keep them as slaves.’”
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2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِحْدَاهُمَا بَاغِيَةٌ وَالأخْرَى عَادِلَةٌ فَهَزَمَتِ الْعَادِلَةُ الْبَاغِيَةَ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ لأهْلِ الْعَدْلِ أَنْ يَتْبَعُوا مُدْبِراً وَلا يَقْتُلُوا أَسِيراً وَلا يُجْهِزُوا عَلَى جَرِيحٍ وَهَذَا إِذَا لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَغْيِ أَحَدٌ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ فِئَةٌ يَرْجِعُونَ إِلَيْهَا فَإِذَا كَانَ لَهُمْ فِئَةٌ يَرْجِعُونَ إِلَيْهَا فَإِنَّ أَسِيرَهُمْ يُقْتَلُ وَمُدْبِرَهُمْ يُتْبَعُ وَجَرِيحَهُمْ يُجْهَزُ.
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father, from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Sulayman ibn af-Minqariy from Hafs ibn Ghiyath who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the two groups of whom one is rebellious and the other deals with justice and the latter group defeats the rebellious group. He (the Imam) replied, ‘People of justice must not pursue the fleeing ones, kill the prisoner or hurt the wounded. This is when the rebellious ones do not have a group around to whom then they can return, but if they have such a group, then the prisoners are executed, the fleeing ones are persued and the wounded ones are eliminated.’”
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3- الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) إِنَّ عَلِيّاً (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) سَارَ فِي أَهْلِ الْقِبْلَةِ بِخِلافِ سِيرَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فِي أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ قَالَ فَغَضِبَ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ ثُمَّ قَالَ سَارَ وَاللهِ فِيهِمْ بِسِيرَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) كَتَبَ إِلَى مَالِكٍ وَهُوَ عَلَى مُقَدِّمَتِهِ يَوْمَ الْبَصْرَةِ بِأَنْ لا يَطْعُنَ فِي غَيْرِ مُقْبِلٍ وَلا يَقْتُلَ مُدْبِراً وَلا يُجِيزَ عَلَى جَرِيحٍ وَمَنْ أَغْلَقَ بَابَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ فَأَخَذَ الْكِتَابَ فَوَضَعَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى الْقَرَبُوسِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَقْرَأَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ اقْتُلُوا فَقَتَلَهُمْ حَتَّى أَدْخَلَهُمْ سِكَكَ الْبَصْرَةِ ثُمَّ فَتَحَ الْكِتَابَ فَقَرَأَهُ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ مُنَادِياً فَنَادَى بِمَا فِي الْكِتَابِ.
3. AI-Husayn ibn Muhammad af-‘Ash’ariy has narrated from Mu’alfa’ ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from abu Hamzah al-Thumaliy who has said the following: “I once said to Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ‘The way Ali, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, dealt with people of Qiblah was different from the way the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, dealt with the pagans.’ He the narrator has said, ‘He (the Imam) became angry and sat in his place;’ then said, ‘He by Allah, did deal with them according to the method of the Messenger of Allah on the day of victory. On the day of al- Basra, Ali, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, wrote to Malik who was on the front line, and commanded him, “You must not hit anyone except advancing attackers, you must not kill the fleeing, you must not hurt the wounded and those who close their doors have immunity.” Malik received the letter of commandment but he placed it in front of himself on the saddle before reading. He then ordered them to fight and they fought until they were pushed into the alleys of al-Basra. He then opened the letter of commandment and ordered to announce the contents of the letter of commandment.’”
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4- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مَرَّارٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ لَسِيرَةُ عَلِيٍّ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ كَانَتْ خَيْراً لِشِيعَتِهِ مِمَّا طَلَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الشَّمْسُ إِنَّهُ عَلِمَ أَنَّ لِلْقَوْمِ دَوْلَةً فَلَوْ سَبَاهُمْ لَسُبِيَتْ شِيعَتُهُ قُلْتُ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْقَائِمِ (عجل الله تعالى فرجه) يَسِيرُ بِسِيرَتِهِ قَالَ لا إِنَّ عَلِيّاً (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) سَارَ فِيهِمْ بِالْمَنِّ لِلْعِلْمِ مِنْ دَوْلَتِهِمْ وَإِنَّ الْقَائِمَ عَجَّلَ اللهُ فَرَجَهُ يَسِيرُ فِيهِمْ بِخِلافِ تِلْكَ السِّيرَةِ لأنَّهُ لا دَوْلَةَ لَهُمْ.
4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Isma’if ibn Marrar from Yunus from abu Bakr al-Hadramiy who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘In the ways of the dealings of Ali, ‘Alayhi al- Salam, with the people of al-Basra, the benefit for the Shi ‘ah was greater than all things on which the sun shines. He, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, knew that those people will become dominant. Were he to make them prisoners his followers would have been made prisoners likewise.’ I then asked, ‘Will al-Qa’im, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, deal with people like his dealings?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘No, Ali, ‘Alayhi al- Salam, dealt with them with favors due to his knowledge of their domination. Al-Qa’im will deal with them differently because they will not have any domination.’”
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5- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُذَافِرٍ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ لَمَّا هُزِمَ النَّاسُ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) لا تَتْبَعُوا مُوَلِّياً وَلا تُجِيزُوا عَلَى جَرِيحٍ وَمَنْ أَغْلَقَ بَابَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ صِفِّينَ قَتَلَ الْمُقْبِلَ وَالْمُدْبِرَ وَأَجَازَ عَلَى جَرِيحٍ فَقَالَ أَبَانُ بْنُ تَغْلِبَ لِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ هَذِهِ سِيرَتَانِ مُخْتَلِفَتَانِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَمَلِ قَتَلَ طَلْحَةَ وَالزُّبَيْرَ وَإِنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ كَانَ قَائِماً بِعَيْنِهِ وَكَانَ قَائِدَهُمْ.
5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Amr ibn ‘Uthman from Muhammad ibn ‘Adhafir from ‘Uqbah ibn Bashir from ‘ Abd Allah ibn Sharik from his father who has said the following: “When people on the day of camel were defeated, Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, said, ‘You must not pursue the fleeing, you must not hurt the wounded, and those who close their door are granted immunity.’ On the day of Siffin he eliminated the attackers and the fleeing and gave permission about the wounded. Aban ibn Taghlib said to “Abd Allah ibn Sharik, ‘These are two different ways of dealings.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘On the day of al-Basra people killed Talhah and al- Zubayr. Mu‘awiyah was alive and he was the commander.’”