Salah (Prayer) For a Person of Weak Understanding of Faith and One Who Does Not Know the Truth
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1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما الْسَّلام) قَالَ الصَّلاَةُ عَلَى الْمُسْتَضْعَفِ وَالَّذِي لاَ يَعْرِفُ الصَّلاَةُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَالدُّعَاءُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ تَقُولُ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لِلَّذِينَ تابُوا وَاتَّبَعُوا سَبِيلَكَ وَقِهِمْ عَذابَ الْجَحِيمِ إِلَى آخِرِ الآيَتَيْنِ.
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “One of the two Imam, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has stated this Hadith: ‘There are people of weak understanding who do not understand prayer for the Holy prophet, and for the believing people - male and female. In Salah (prayer) for such people you should say, “Our Lord, forgive those who repent and follow your path and save them from the fire of hell. . .” Read to the end of verse 8 of Surah 40 of the Holy Quran.’”
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2ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِ فَادْعُ لَهُ وَاجْتَهِدْ لَهُ فِي الدُّعَاءِ وَإِنْ كَانَ وَاقِفاً مُسْتَضْعَفاً فَكَبِّرْ وَقُلِ اللهمَّ اغْفِرْ لِلَّذِينَ تَابُوا وَاتَّبَعُوا سَبِيلَكَ وَقِهِمْ عَذَابَ الْجَحِيمِ.
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ’Udhaynah from Fudayl ibn Yasar who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When you perform Salah (prayer) for a believing person, pray for him and strive in your appeal in favor of the deceased person. If he is of those who keep matters on hold (of waqifiy belief) or of weak understanding say, ‘Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) and, O Lord, forgive those who have repented, followed your path and protect them against the suffering of the hell fire.’”
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3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ مُسْتَضْعَفاً فَقُلِ اللهمَّ اغْفِرْ لِلَّذِينَ تَابُوا وَاتَّبَعُوا سَبِيلَكَ وَقِهِمْ عَذَابَ الْجَحِيمِ وَإِذَا كُنْتَ لاَ تَدْرِي مَا حَالُهُ فَقُلِ اللهمَّ إِنْ كَانَ يُحِبُّ الْخَيْرَ وَأَهْلَهُ فَاغْفِرْ لَهُ وَارْحَمْهُ وَتَجَاوَزْ عَنْهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفُ مِنْكَ بِسَبِيلٍ فَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُ عَلَى وَجْهِ الشَّفَاعَةِ لاَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْوَلاَيَةِ.
3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If the deceased is a person of weak understanding, say, “O Lord, forgive those who have repented and followed Your path and protect them against suffering of the hell fire.” If you do not know the condition of the deceased, then say, “O Lord, if this deceased is of those who love good and people of goodness, then forgive him, have mercy on him and ignore his shortcomings.” If the deceased is a person of weak understanding, ask forgiveness for him in the form of intercession, not because of his right upon you as believing in Divine Authority of ’A’immah, Alayhim al-Salam.”’
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4ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ التَّرَحُّمُ عَلَى جِهَتَيْنِ جِهَةِ الْوَلاَيَةِ وَجِهَةِ الشَّفَاعَةِ.
4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Faddal from certain persons of his people who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Expressing kindness and compassion has two aspects: The aspect of al-Walayah (guardianship) and that of intercession.’”
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5ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ تَقُولُ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ الله وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ الله اللهمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ اللهمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَتَقَبَّلْ شَفَاعَتَهُ وَبَيِّضْ وَجْهَهُ وَأَكْثِرْ تَبَعَهُ اللهمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَارْحَمْنِي وَتُبْ عَلَيَّ اللهمَّ اغْفِرْ لِلَّذِينَ تَابُوا وَاتَّبَعُوا سَبِيلَكَ وَقِهِمْ عَذَابَ الْجَحِيمِ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُؤْمِناً دَخَلَ فِيهَا وَإِنْ كَانَ لَيْسَ بِمُؤْمِنٍ خَرَجَ مِنْهَا.
5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah from a man from Sulayman ibn Khalid who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said to say this, ‘(I testify that only Allah deserves worship, He is one and has no partners and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger). O Allah, I pray to You to grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause. O Lord, accept his intercession, brighten his face and increase the number of his followers. O Lord, forgive me, grant me mercy and accept my repentance. O Lord, forgive those who repent, follow your path and save them from the fire of hell. . . .’ (40:7) If the deceased is a believing person, he goes to paradise; if he is not a believer, he goes out of it.’”
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6ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ غَالِبٍ عَنْ ثَابِتٍ أَبِي الْمِقْدَامِ قَالَ كُنْتُ مَعَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) فَإِذَا بِجَنَازَةٍ لِقَوْمٍ مِنْ جِيرَتِهِ فَحَضَرَهَا وَكُنْتُ قَرِيباً مِنْهُ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ اللهمَّ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ خَلَقْتَ هَذِهِ النُّفُوسَ وَأَنْتَ تُمِيتُهَا وَأَنْتَ تُحْيِيهَا وَأَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِسَرَائِرِهَا وَعَلاَنِيَتِهَا مِنَّا وَمُسْتَقَرِّهَا وَمُسْتَوْدَعِهَا اللهمَّ وَهَذَا عَبْدُكَ وَلاَ أَعْلَمُ مِنْهُ شَرّاً وَأَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ وَقَدْ جِئْنَاكَ شَافِعِينَ لَهُ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُسْتَوْجِباً فَشَفِّعْنَا فِيهِ وَاحْشُرْهُ مَعَ مَنْ كَانَ يَتَوَلاَّهُ.
6. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from ‘Abd Allah ibn Ghalib from Thabit abu al-Miqdam who has said the following: “Once I was with abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, when a deceased from the people who believe in predestination was brought; and I was near him (the Imam) and heard him (the Imam) say, ‘O Lord, it is You who have created these souls and You cause them to die and give them life. You know their secrets and their public affairs better than we know. You know the permanent and temporary ones among them. O Lord, this is Your servant. I do not know anything evil about him and You know better about him. We have come to intercede in his favor after his death. If he deserves, accept our intercession in his favor and raise him with those whom he loves.’”