Salah (Prayer) for a Believer’s Dead Body, Takbir and Du’a
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1ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أُورَمَةَ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الصَّلاَةِ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ فَقَالَ تُكَبِّرُ خَمْسَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ تَقُولُ أَوَّلَ مَا تُكَبِّرُ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ الله وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ اللهمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى الأئِمَّةِ الْهُدَاةِ وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالإِيمَانِ وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ فِي قُلُوبِنَا غِلاًّ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ اللهمَّ اغْفِرْ لأَحْيَائِنَا وَأَمْوَاتِنَا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَأَلِّفْ قُلُوبَنَا عَلَى قُلُوبِ أَخْيَارِنَا وَاهْدِنَا لِمَا اخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِكَ إِنَّكَ تَهْدِي مَنْ تَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ فَإِنْ قَطَعَ عَلَيْكَ التَّكْبِيرَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ فَلاَ يَضُرُّكَ تَقُولُ اللهمَّ عَبْدُكَ ابْنُ عَبْدِكَ وَابْنُ أَمَتِكَ أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي افْتَقَرَ إِلَى رَحْمَتِكَ وَاسْتَغْنَيْتَ عَنْهُ اللهمَّ فَتَجَاوَزْ عَنْ سَيِّئَاتِهِ وَزِدْ فِي إِحْسَانِهِ وَاغْفِرْ لَهُ وَارْحَمْهُ وَنَوِّرْ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ وَلَقِّنْهُ حُجَّتَهُ وَأَلْحِقْهُ بِنَبِيِّهِ (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَلاَ تَحْرِمْنَا أَجْرَهُ وَلاَ تَفْتِنَّا بَعْدَهُ تَقُولُ هَذَا حَتَّى تَفْرُغَ مِنْ خَمْسِ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ.
1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn ’Uramah from Zur‘ah, from Muhammad ibn Sanaa ‘ah in a Muzmar manner has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam), ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about Salah (prayer) for a deceased. He (the Imam) said, ‘You must say five Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) in this Salah (prayer). After first Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) say, “I testify that only Allah deserves worship, He is one and has no partners and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause and to ’A’immah who provide right guidance and forgive us, our brothers who were believers before us and do not allow jealousy against the believers to enter our hearts. O Lord, You are compassionate and merciful. O Lord grant forgiveness to our living people, to those who have died of the male, female believing people, place kindness in our hearts, those of the virtuous ones among us and grant us guidance in the disputed matters of the issues of truth by Your permission; You guide, whomever You will, to the right path.” If the second Takbir is said (before you complete the above sayings), it is not harmful.You then say, “O Lord, this is Your servant, son of Your male and female servants. You know better than I about him do. He needs to receive mercy from You and You do not need him. O Lord forgive his sins, increase his good deeds, forgive him, have mercy upon him, lightup his grave, dictate to him his good argument, join him with his Holy prophet, do not deprive us of receiving rewards because of him and do not put us to trials after him.” Say this until you complete all five Takbir.’” (According to this Hadith there are five Takbir and after every Takbir there are the above recitations, which consist of the two testimonies, Salawat (O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause), prayer for the believers and prayer for the deceased).
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2ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) فِي الصَّلاَةِ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ قَالَ تُكَبِّرُ ثُمَّ تُصَلِّي عَلَى النَّبِيِّ (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) ثُمَّ تَقُولُ اللهمَّ عَبْدُكَ ابْنُ عَبْدِكَ ابْنُ أَمَتِكَ لاَ أَعْلَمُ مِنْهُ إِلاَّ خَيْراً وَأَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي اللهمَّ إِنْ كَانَ مُحْسِناً فَزِدْ فِي إِحْسَانِهِ وَتَقَبَّلْ مِنْهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُسِيئاً فَاغْفِرْ لَهُ ذَنْبَهُ وَارْحَمْهُ وَافْسَحْ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ وَاجْعَلْهُ مِنْ رُفَقَاءِ مُحَمَّدٍ (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) ثُمَّ تُكَبِّرُ الثَّانِيَةَ وَتَقُولُ اللهمَّ إِنْ كَانَ زَاكِياً فَزَكِّهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ خَاطِئاً فَاغْفِرْ لَهُ ثُمَّ تُكَبِّرُ الثَّالِثَةَ وَتَقُولُ اللهمَّ لاَ تَحْرِمْنَا أَجْرَهُ وَلاَ تَفْتِنَّا بَعْدَهُ ثُمَّ تُكَبِّرُ الرَّابِعَةَ وَتَقُولُ اللهمَّ اكْتُبْهُ عِنْدَكَ فِي عِلِّيِّينَ وَاخْلُفْ عَلَى عَقِبِهِ فِي الْغَابِرِينَ وَاجْعَلْهُ مِنْ رُفَقَاءِ مُحَمَّدٍ (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) ثُمَّ تُكَبِّرُ الْخَامِسَةَ وَانْصَرِفْ.
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘In Salah (prayer) for a deceased say Takbir (Allah is great beyond description), then say, “O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause,” then say, “O Lord, this is Your servant the son of Your male and a female servant. I do not know about him except good but You know more about him than I know. O Lord if he is a person of good deeds, increase his good deeds, but if he is a person of bad deeds, forgive his sins, grant him mercy, make his grave spacious and make him of the friends of Muhammad, O Allah grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause.” Then say the second Takbir (Allah is great beyond description). Then say, “O Lord, if he is a person of purity, purify him but if he is a sinner forgive him.” Then say the third Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) and say, “O Lord, do not deprive us of receiving rewards because of him and do not put us to trial after him.” Then say the fourth Takbir (Allah is great beyond description). Then say, “O Lord, write him (his name) with You among those of high status and replace him in his children whom he has left behind and make him of the friends of Muhammad, O Allah grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause.” Then say the fifth Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) and end the Salah (prayer).’”
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3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَنِ التَّكْبِيرِ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ فَقَالَ خَمْسٌ تَقُولُ فِي أُولَيهُنَّ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ الله وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ اللهمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ ثُمَّ تَقُولُ اللهمَّ إِنَّ هَذَا الْمُسَجَّى قُدَّامَنَا عَبْدُكَ وَابْنُ عَبْدِكَ وَقَدْ قَبَضْتَ رُوحَهُ إِلَيْكَ وَقَدِ احْتَاجَ إِلَى رَحْمَتِكَ وَأَنْتَ غَنِيٌّ عَنْ عَذَابِهِ اللهمَّ إِنَّا لاَ نَعْلَمُ مِنْ ظَاهِرِهِ إِلاَّ خَيْراً وَأَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِسَرِيرَتِهِ اللهمَّ إِنْ كَانَ مُحْسِناً فَزِدْ فِي إِحْسَانِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُسِيئاً فَتَجَاوَزْ عَنْ سَيِّئَاتِهِ ثُمَّ تُكَبِّرُ الثَّانِيَةَ وَتَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ فِي كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ.
3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from a number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad all from ibn Mahbub from abu Wallad who has said the following: “I once asked abu ’Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about Takbir over a deceased person. He (the Imam) said, ‘There are five Takbir. In the first one say, “I testify that only Allah deserves worship, He is one and has no partners and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. O Allah, I pray to You to grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause.” Then say, “O Lord, this person, shrouded in front of us, is your servant and the son of Your servant whose soul You have taken to Yourself, and he is in need for your mercy and You do not need his being punished. O Lord, if he is a person of good deeds, increase his good deeds; if he is a person of bad deeds, forgive his sins.” Then say the second Takbir and do the same after every Takbir.”
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4ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ تُكَبِّرُ ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدُ ثُمَّ تَقُولُ إِنَّا لله وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ الْحَمْدُ لله رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ رَبِّ الْمَوْتِ وَالْحَيَاةِ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ جَزَى الله عَنَّا مُحَمَّداً خَيْرَ الْجَزَاءِ بِمَا صَنَعَ بِأُمَّتِهِ وَبِمَا بَلَّغَ مِنْ رِسَالاَتِ رَبِّهِ ثُمَّ تَقُولُ اللهمَّ عَبْدُكَ ابْنُ عَبْدِكَ ابْنُ أَمَتِكَ نَاصِيَتُهُ بِيَدِكَ خَلاَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَاحْتَاجَ إِلَى رَحْمَتِكَ وَأَنْتَ غَنِيٌّ عَنْ عَذَابِهِ اللهمَّ إِنَّا لاَ نَعْلَمُ مِنْهُ إِلاَّ خَيْراً وَأَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ اللهمَّ إِنْ كَانَ مُحْسِناً فَزِدْ فِي إِحْسَانِهِ وَتَقَبَّلْ مِنْهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُسِيئاً فَاغْفِرْ لَهُ ذَنْبَهُ وَارْحَمْهُ وَتَجَاوَزْ عَنْهُ بِرَحْمَتِكَ اللهمَّ أَلْحِقْهُ بِنَبِيِّكَ وَثَبِّتْهُ بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الآخِرَةِ اللهمَّ اسْلُكْ بِنَا وَبِهِ سَبِيلَ الْهُدَى وَاهْدِنَا وَإِيَّاهُ صِرَاطَكَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ اللهمَّ عَفْوَكَ عَفْوَكَ ثُمَّ تُكَبِّرُ الثَّانِيَةَ وَتَقُولُ مِثْلَ مَا قُلْتَ حَتَّى تَفْرُغَ مِنْ خَمْسِ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ.
4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘In Salah (prayer) for a deceased say Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) and the testimony and say, “We are from Allah and to Allah we return. All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of the worlds, Lord of death and life. O Allah, I pray to You to grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause. O Allah I pray to You to grant Muhammad the best of rewards for his favors to his followers and for his preaching the message of his Lord.” Then say, “O Lord, this is Your servant, the son of Your male and a female servant. His forehead is in Your control. He has left this world, he is in need of Your mercy, and You do not need his being punished. O Lord, we do not know about him anything except good; but You know more about him than we know. O Lord, if he is a person of good deeds, increase his good deeds. If he is a person of bad deeds, forgive his sins, grant him mercy, forgive him through your mercy, join him with your Holy prophet, and keep him on the unchangeable word in the worldly life and in the hereafter. O Lord, make us to walk on the path of guidance and guide him and us to the right path. O Lord, grant (us) forgiveness, O Lord grant (us) forgiveness.” Then say the second Takbir. Repeat what you have said after every Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) until you say all five Takbir (Allah is great beyond description).’”
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5ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَرْفَعُونَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فِي التَّكْبِيرِ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ فِي التَّكْبِيرَةِ الأولَى وَلاَ يَرْفَعُونَ فِيمَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَأَقْتَصِرُ عَلَى التَّكْبِيرَةِ الأولَى كَمَا يَفْعَلُونَ أَوْ أَرْفَعُ يَدَيَّ فِي كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ فَقَالَ ارْفَعْ يَدَكَ فِي كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ.
5. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus who has said the following: “I once asked al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause. People raise their hands during the first Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) in Salah (prayer) for a deceased but not in the rest of Takbir and if should I raise my hand in the first Takbir only or in all Takbir. He (the Imam) said, ‘Raise your hand in all Takbir.’”
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6ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ أَبِي الصَّخْرِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْخَالِقِ بْنِ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) فِي الصَّلاَةِ عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ تَقُولُ اللهمَّ أَنْتَ خَلَقْتَ هَذِهِ النَّفْسَ وَأَنْتَ أَمَتَّهَا تَعْلَمُ سِرَّهَا وَعَلاَنِيَتَهَا أَتَيْنَاكَ شَافِعِينَ فِيهَا فَشَفِّعْنَا اللهمَّ وَلِّهَا مَنْ تَوَلَّتْ وَاحْشُرْهَا مَعَ مَنْ أَحَبَّتْ.
6. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hassan from Ahmad ibn ‘Abd al-Rahim abu al-Sakhr from ’Isma‘il ibn ‘Abd al- Khaliq ibn ‘Abd Rabbihi who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘In Salah (prayer) for a deceased say, ‘O Lord, You have created this soul and You have caused it to die. You know all of its secret and public matters. We have come to You to mediate before You in his favor, so accept our intercession. O Lord, entrust it with those whom it took as supreme power and raise it with those whom it loved.’”