Reason for Five Takbir in Salah (Prayer) for a Dead Person
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1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) لِمَ جُعِلَ التَّكْبِيرُ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ خَمْساً فَقَالَ وَرَدَ مِنْ كُلِّ صَلاَةٍ تَكْبِيرَةٌ.
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from in a mafu’ manner the following: “I asked abu ’Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, ’Why are there five Takbir in Salah (prayer) for a dead person?’ He (the Imam) replied, ’From every Salah (prayer) of a day’s Salah (prayer), one Takbir has come.’”
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2ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ وَهِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) يُكَبِّرُ عَلَى قَوْمٍ خَمْساً وَعَلَى قَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ أَرْبَعاً فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ أَرْبَعاً اتُّهِمَ يَعْنِي بِالنِّفَاقِ.
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman and Hisham ibn Salim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah would say five Takbir for certain people, and four Takbir for other groups of people. When he (the Messenger of Allah) would say four Takbir in the Salah (prayer) for a dead man, he (the deceased) was suspected of hypocrisy.”
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3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُهَاجِرٍ عَنْ أُمِّهِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) يَقُولُ كَانَ رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) إِذَا صَلَّى عَلَى مَيِّتٍ كَبَّرَ وَتَشَهَّدَ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ ثُمَّ صَلَّى عَلَى الأنْبِيَاءِ وَدَعَا ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ وَدَعَا لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ الرَّابِعَةَ وَدَعَا لِلْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ وَانْصَرَفَ فَلَمَّا نَهَاهُ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَنِ الصَّلاَةِ عَلَى الْمُنَافِقِينَ كَبَّرَ وَتَشَهَّدَ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ وَصَلَّى عَلَى النَّبِيِّينَ (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ وَدَعَا لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ الرَّابِعَةَ وَانْصَرَفَ وَلَمْ يَدْعُ لِلْمَيِّتِ.
3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Muhammad ibn Muhajir from his mother “Umm Salamah who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, say, ‘When performing Salah (prayer) for a deceased, the Messenger of Allah would say Takbir (Allah is great beyond description), then say the two testimonies (I testify that only Allah deserves worship, He is one and has no partners and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger). He would then say Takbir then say, “ O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause” and pray for the prophets. Then say Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) and pray for the believing people, then say the fourth Takbir and pray for the deceased, then say Takbir and end the Salah (prayer). When Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, prohibited praying for the hypocrites, he (the Messenger of Allah) would say Takbir, say the two testimonies, pray for the prophets, then say Takbir and pray for the believing people then say the fourth Takbir, end the Salah (prayer) and would not pray for the deceased.’”
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4ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْجَعْفَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) إِنَّ الله تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فَرَضَ الصَّلاَةَ خَمْساً وَجَعَلَ لِلْمَيِّتِ مِنْ كُلِّ صَلاَةٍ تَكْبِيرَةً.
4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from certain persons of his people from Sulayman ibn Ja‘far al- Ja‘fariy from his father who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Allah, most Blessed, most High, made five Salah (prayer) obligatory, and from every Salah (prayer) there is one Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) in Salah (prayer) for a deceased.’”
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5ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ تَدْرِي كَمِ الصَّلاَةُ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ قُلْتُ لاَ قَالَ خَمْسُ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ فَتَدْرِي مِنْ أَيْنَ أُخِذَتِ الْخَمْسُ قُلْتُ لاَ قَالَ أُخِذَتِ الْخَمْسُ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ مِنَ الْخَمْسِ صَلَوَاتٍ مِنْ كُلِّ صَلاَةٍ تَكْبِيرَةٌ.
5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Abd al-Malik al- Hadramiy from abu Bakr al-Hadramiy who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once asked, ‘O abu Bakr, do you know how much is Salah (prayer) for a deceased?’ I replied, ‘No, I do not know.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is five Takbir (Allah is great beyond description). Do you know from where are they taken?’ I replied, ‘No, I do not know.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Five Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) are taken from five Salah (prayer), one Takbir from every Salah (prayer).”’